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The infraspinatus and teres minor muscles primarily function as external rotators of the shoulder. Located on the posterior aspect of the scapula, these muscles play a crucial role in the stability and mobility of the shoulder joint. When the infraspinatus and teres minor contract, they help to rotate the humerus laterally away from the body, which is essential for many overhead activities and movements requiring shoulder rotation. This external rotation is vital for proper shoulder mechanics and prevention of injuries, especially during activities that involve throwing or lifting.

The other options describe functions that are not aligned with the major roles of these muscles. Shoulder abduction and flexion involve the deltoids and other muscle groups, while internal rotation is primarily the responsibility of muscles like the subscapularis. Thus, understanding the specific roles of the infraspinatus and teres minor emphasizes their importance as external rotators in maintaining shoulder health and function.