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In the context of motivational interviewing, the final step is planning. This step is crucial because it involves collaboratively setting goals and creating a concrete plan for the individual to achieve those goals. After building rapport and exploring the individual's motivations (through engaging and focusing) and evoking change talk to increase their intrinsic motivation, the planning phase allows the person to leave the session with actionable steps.

This process ensures that the individual feels empowered and capable as they transition from the discussion of motivation to actual behavioral change. It also emphasizes the importance of developing specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals, which provide a clear roadmap for the individual’s journey toward achieving their objectives. By focusing on planning, motivational interviewing encapsulates the overall aim of fostering self-efficacy and commitment to change.